Comparative Study of Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Samples

Comparative study of antibiotic resistance patterns of one hundred Staphylococci isolates comprising of fifty from clinical and fifty from environmental samples were evaluated. The isolates were identified to species level by use of both classical and APIStaph identification kit, screened for beta-lactamase production and their antibiograms determined using agar diffusion technique. Five species of Staphylococcus aureus, S. haemolyticus, S. cohnni, S. xyloses and S. scuiri were identified. The 50 isolates from the environment showed multiple antibiotic resistance to selected antibiotics tested, 13(26.0%) were resistant to augumentin, 19(38.0%) to amoxicillin, 30(60.0%) to both cloxacillin and cotrimoxazole, 38(76.0%) to chloramphenicol, 43(86.0%) to erythromycin, 44(88.0%) to tetracycline and 48(96.0%) to gentamicin. The multiple antibiotic patterns of the clinical samples showed that 29(58.0 %) were resistant to augumentin, 39(78.0%) to chloramphenicol, and erythromycin while 42(84.0%) were resistant to cloxacillin, 45(90.0%) to amoxicillin, 48(96.0%) to gentamicin, and tetracycline, while all the isolates were resistant to cotrimaxazole, 50(100.0%). Only 8.0% of the environmental strains and 24.0% of the clinical strains had detectable betalactam enzyme activity. The results showed that S. xyloses had a wider range of antibiotic resistance activities when compared to other coagulase negative Staphylococci. This result showed the consequences of antibiotic resistance patterns in the environment and the need for urgent management.